Electrochemical reaction mechanisms refer to the specific chemical reactions and pathways by which a battery stores and releases energy during charge and discharge. In a lithium-ion battery, for example, the fundamental reactions involve lithium ions intercalating (inserting) into the anode material (such as graphite) during charging, and de-intercalating from the anode and inserting into the cathode material (like an oxide such as NMC) during discharging. The detailed mechanism vary depending on the chemistry: some batteries rely on intercalation reactions, others on conversion or alloying reactions (e.g., lithium-sulphur batteries involve sulphur converting to lithium sulphide compounds). These mechanisms determine the battery’s voltage profile and specific capacity (mAh/g), and significantly contribute to rate capability, and .
Understanding reaction mechanisms is a core part of NOVONIX’s research. By using advanced analytical techniques and collaborating with academic research NOVONIX investigates how lithium ions interact with advanced electrode materials or electrolytes. A practical outcome of this understanding is the ability to select materials that favor beneficial reactions and suppress side reactions.
